Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are two heat-related illnesses that occur when the body is unable to cool itself properly. They can be caused by exposure to high temperatures, humidity, and physical activity.

Causes and Risk Factors

• High temperatures and humidity
• Physical activity or exercise in hot weather
• Dehydration or inadequate fluid intake
• Certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity
• Age: older adults and young children are more susceptible
• Medications that affect the body's ability to regulate temperature, such as diuretics and beta blockers

Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion

• Heavy sweating
• Pale or cool skin
• Fast or weak pulse
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or fainting
• Headache
• Fatigue or weakness
• Rapid breathing

Symptoms of Heatstroke

• Body temperature of 103°F (39.4°C) or higher
• Confusion, agitation, or slurred speech
• Seizures or coma
• Dry, flushed skin with no sweating
• Rapid heartbeat
• Shallow breathing
• Headache

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment for heat exhaustion typically involves moving to a cool place, removing excess clothing, and drinking cool water or sports drinks. For heatstroke, emergency medical attention is required, and treatment may involve cooling the body with ice packs or cold water, as well as providing intravenous fluids.

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids
• Avoid strenuous activity in hot weather
• Take regular breaks to cool off
• Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing
• Avoid leaving children or pets unattended in vehicles
• Check on vulnerable individuals, such as older adults and young children, regularly

Complications

If left untreated, heatstroke can lead to serious complications, including:

• Brain damage
• Organ failure
• Death

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are medical emergencies that require prompt attention. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of either condition, seek medical help immediately.