Unexplained Weight Loss

Unexplained weight loss refers to a decrease in body weight that occurs without a person's conscious effort to lose weight, and is not attributed to a change in diet or exercise habits.

Causes

• Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as pancreatic, lung, stomach, and esophageal cancer, can cause unexplained weight loss.
• Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to weight loss due to the body's inability to regulate blood sugar levels.
• Thyroid disorders: An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) can cause weight loss, while an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) can cause weight gain.
• Infections: Chronic infections such as tuberculosis, HIV, and AIDS can cause weight loss.
• Gastrointestinal disorders: Conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis can lead to malabsorption of nutrients and weight loss.
• Neurological disorders: Certain conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, can cause weight loss due to changes in appetite, metabolism, or swallowing difficulties.
• Mental health disorders: Conditions such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders can lead to changes in appetite and weight loss.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as those used to treat depression, ADHD, and cancer, can cause weight loss as a side effect.

Symptoms

• Rapid weight loss (more than 10 pounds in 6-12 months)
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Changes in bowel movements or urination patterns
• Mood changes, such as depression or anxiety

Diagnosis

A thorough medical evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause of unexplained weight loss. This may include:

• Physical examination
• Medical history review
• Laboratory tests, such as complete blood count (CBC), electrolyte panel, and liver function tests
• Imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans
• Endoscopy or colonoscopy to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract

Treatment

Treatment for unexplained weight loss depends on the underlying cause. If a medical condition is identified, treatment will focus on managing that condition. In some cases, nutritional supplements or counseling may be recommended to help regain lost weight.