Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis

Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis are two related inner ear disorders that affect the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance and equilibrium.

Definition

Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the labyrinth, a complex structure in the inner ear that contains the cochlea (responsible for hearing) and the vestibular apparatus (responsible for balance). Vestibular neuritis, also known as vestibular neuronitis, is an inflammation of the vestibular nerve, which connects the labyrinth to the brain.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis include:

• Dizziness or vertigo (a spinning sensation)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of balance or unsteadiness
• Hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the ears) in labyrinthitis
• Ear fullness or pressure
• Headache
• Fatigue

Causes

Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis can be caused by:

• Viral infections, such as the flu, mononucleosis, or herpes simplex
• Bacterial infections, such as Lyme disease or meningitis
• Head trauma or injury
• Allergies or allergic reactions
• Certain medications, such as antibiotics or diuretics

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis is based on a combination of:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Hearing tests (audiometry) to assess hearing loss or tinnitus
• Vestibular function tests, such as electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG), to evaluate balance and vestibular function
• Imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, to rule out other conditions or structural abnormalities

Treatment

Treatment for labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Common treatments include:

• Antiviral or antibacterial medications to treat underlying infections
• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) to improve balance and reduce dizziness
• Medications to control nausea, vomiting, and vertigo
• Rest and relaxation to help manage symptoms

Prognosis

The prognosis for labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Most people recover fully within a few weeks or months, but some may experience persistent balance problems or hearing loss.

Complications

Possible complications of labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis include:

• Permanent hearing loss or tinnitus
• Chronic balance problems or vertigo
• Increased risk of falls or injuries due to dizziness or imbalance
• Anxiety or depression related to chronic symptoms