Hormonal Intrauterine Device (IUD) Method

The hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) is a type of long-acting reversible contraceptive method that releases hormones to prevent pregnancy. It is a small, T-shaped device made of plastic that is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider.

How it Works

The hormonal IUD works by releasing a small amount of the hormone progestin, which thickens the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg. It also thins the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant.

Types of Hormonal IUDs

There are several types of hormonal IUDs available, including:

• Mirena: releases 20 mcg of levonorgestrel per day and is effective for up to 5 years
• Skyla: releases 14 mcg of levonorgestrel per day and is effective for up to 3 years
• Kyleena: releases 19.5 mcg of levonorgestrel per day and is effective for up to 5 years
• Liletta: releases 18.6 mcg of levonorgestrel per day and is effective for up to 5 years

Benefits

The hormonal IUD has several benefits, including:

• High effectiveness in preventing pregnancy (over 99%)
• Long-acting and reversible
• Reduced risk of ectopic pregnancy
• Reduced menstrual bleeding and cramping
• No daily or weekly maintenance required

Risks and Side Effects

As with any medical device, there are potential risks and side effects associated with the hormonal IUD, including:

• Pelvic pain or cramping during insertion
• Spotting or irregular bleeding after insertion
• Increased risk of ovarian cysts
• Headaches or mood changes due to hormonal fluctuations
• Expulsion of the device (rare)
• Perforation of the uterus (rare)

Insertion and Removal

The hormonal IUD is inserted by a healthcare provider in a simple, outpatient procedure. The device is inserted through the cervix and into the uterus, where it remains until it is removed or replaced.

Removal of the hormonal IUD is also a simple procedure that can be performed by a healthcare provider. The device is removed by gently pulling on the strings attached to the IUD.

Contraindications

The hormonal IUD may not be suitable for everyone, particularly those with certain medical conditions or taking certain medications. Contraindications include:

• Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
• Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Cancer of the uterus or cervix
• Current pelvic infection
• Known or suspected allergy to any component of the IUD

Monitoring and Follow-up

After insertion of the hormonal IUD, it is recommended that users schedule a follow-up appointment with their healthcare provider to check for proper placement and to address any concerns or side effects.