Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy is a medical procedure used to visualize the inside of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the small intestine. It involves swallowing a small, pill-sized camera called a capsule that takes photographs as it moves through the digestive system.

How it Works

The capsule contains a tiny camera, battery, and transmitter. Once swallowed, the capsule begins to take two pictures per second, which are then transmitted to a receiver worn by the patient. The images are stored on the receiver and can be downloaded to a computer for review by a healthcare provider.

Preparation

To prepare for a capsule endoscopy, patients typically:

• Fast for at least 12 hours before the procedure
• Avoid taking certain medications that may interfere with the test
• Wear a sensor belt around their waist to receive the images transmitted by the capsule

Procedure

The patient swallows the capsule, and it begins to take pictures as it moves through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The entire procedure typically takes around 8 hours, during which time the patient can go about their daily activities.

Uses

Capsule endoscopy is used to:

• Diagnose bleeding in the small intestine
• Investigate Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
• Monitor celiac disease
• Evaluate small intestinal tumors or cancer

Risks and Complications

Possible risks and complications of capsule endoscopy include:

• Capsule getting stuck in the digestive tract (rare)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain or discomfort

Results

The images taken by the capsule are reviewed by a healthcare provider to look for any abnormalities, such as bleeding, inflammation, or tumors. The results can help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the small intestine.

Contraindications

Capsule endoscopy may not be suitable for patients with:

• Pacemakers or other implanted medical devices
• Swallowing disorders
• Narrowing of the intestinal tract (stricture)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding