Bone Marrow Collection

Bone marrow collection, also known as bone marrow aspiration or biopsy, is a medical procedure used to collect a sample of bone marrow for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Indications

• Diagnosis of blood disorders such as leukemia, lymphoma, and anemia
• Monitoring of disease progression or response to treatment
• Collection of stem cells for bone marrow transplantation
• Diagnosis of infections, such as osteomyelitis
• Diagnosis of cancer that has spread to the bone marrow

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is positioned on their side or stomach, and the skin over the hipbone (iliac crest) or breastbone (sternum) is cleaned with an antiseptic solution.
2. A local anesthetic is injected into the skin and bone to numb the area.
3. A needle is inserted through the skin and into the bone marrow, and a sample of bone marrow is aspirated or biopsied.
4. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Types of Bone Marrow Collection

• Bone marrow aspiration: A needle is used to collect a liquid sample of bone marrow.
• Bone marrow biopsy: A needle is used to collect a solid sample of bone marrow tissue.
• Bone marrow harvest: A surgical procedure used to collect a large quantity of bone marrow for transplantation.

Risks and Complications

• Pain or discomfort at the collection site
• Bleeding or bruising at the collection site
• Infection at the collection site
• Nerve damage or numbness

Preparation and Aftercare

Prior to the procedure, patients may be required to:

• Stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners
• Avoid eating or drinking for a certain period of time
• Undergo laboratory tests, such as blood work

After the procedure, patients may be required to:

• Rest for a certain period of time
• Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity
• Apply pressure to the collection site to stop bleeding

Results and Interpretation

The results of the bone marrow collection are typically interpreted by a hematopathologist or other specialist, and may include:

• Microscopic examination of the bone marrow cells
• Flow cytometry analysis to identify specific cell types
• Molecular testing to detect genetic abnormalities
• Culture tests to detect infections