Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, used to promote muscle growth and enhance physical performance. However, their abuse can lead to serious health consequences.

Types of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

• Testosterone and its esters (e.g., testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate)
• Nandrolone and its esters (e.g., nandrolone decanoate, nandrolone phenylpropionate)
• Stanozolol
• Oxandrolone
• Methandrostenolone
• Oxymetholone

Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse

AAS abuse can cause a range of physical and psychological effects, including:

• Cardiovascular problems: increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiac arrhythmias
• Liver damage: elevated liver enzymes, peliosis hepatis (blood-filled cysts in the liver), and liver tumors
• Endocrine disorders: hypogonadism (decreased testosterone production), gynecomastia (breast tissue growth in men), and hirsutism (excessive hair growth in women)
• Musculoskeletal problems: tendon rupture, muscle strain, and osteoporosis
• Psychological effects: aggression, anxiety, depression, and dependence
• Dermatological problems: acne, baldness, and skin infections

Risk Factors for Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse

Certain individuals are more likely to abuse AAS, including:

• Athletes and bodybuilders seeking to enhance performance or appearance
• Young men with body image concerns or low self-esteem
• Individuals with a history of substance abuse or mental health disorders

Diagnosis and Treatment of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Physical examination and medical history
• Laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood) to detect AAS use
• Imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, ultrasound) to assess organ damage

Treatment may involve:

• Counseling and behavioral therapy to address underlying issues
• Medications to manage withdrawal symptoms or related health problems
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to restore natural hormone production

Prevention and Education

To prevent AAS abuse, it is essential to:

• Educate individuals about the risks and consequences of AAS use
• Promote healthy lifestyle choices and alternative methods for improving physical performance (e.g., exercise, nutrition)
• Support athletes and individuals in developing positive body image and self-esteem