Uveitis

Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation that affects the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye. The uvea consists of three parts: the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis can be acute or chronic, and it can affect one or both eyes.

Causes of Uveitis

Uveitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Infections such as toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, and tuberculosis
• Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis
• Injuries to the eye
• Cancer
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Sarcoidosis
• Psoriasis

Symptoms of Uveitis

The symptoms of uveitis can vary depending on the location and severity of the inflammation. Common symptoms include:

• Eye pain or discomfort
• Redness and swelling of the eye
• Sensitivity to light
• Blurred vision
• Floaters or flashes of light in the visual field
• Decreased vision

Types of Uveitis

There are several types of uveitis, including:

• Anterior uveitis: affects the front part of the eye and is the most common type
• Intermediate uveitis: affects the middle part of the eye
• Posterior uveitis: affects the back part of the eye
• Panuveitis: affects all parts of the uvea

Treatments for Uveitis

The treatment for uveitis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common treatments include:

• Corticosteroids: to reduce inflammation and swelling
• Anti-inflammatory medications: such as ibuprofen or naproxen
• Immunosuppressive medications: to treat autoimmune disorders
• Antibiotics or antiviral medications: to treat infections
• Surgery: in some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage to the eye or to remove scar tissue

Complications of Uveitis

If left untreated, uveitis can lead to complications such as:

• Vision loss
• Cataracts
• Glucoma
• Retinal detachment
• Sympathetic ophthalmia: a rare condition in which the inflammation spreads to the other eye

Prognosis of Uveitis

The prognosis for uveitis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. With prompt treatment, most people with uveitis can recover fully and retain their vision. However, in some cases, uveitis can lead to permanent vision loss or other complications.