Skin Cyst

A skin cyst is a closed capsule or sac-like structure that forms under the skin, typically filled with fluid, semi-solid, or gaseous material.

Types of Skin Cysts

• Epidermoid cysts: Also known as sebaceous cysts, these are the most common type and occur when skin cells multiply and form a cyst under the skin.
• Pilar cysts: These occur on the scalp and are usually filled with a semi-solid material.
• Trichilemmal cysts: Similar to pilar cysts, but typically occur on the scalp or face.
• Dermoid cysts: These can occur anywhere on the body and contain skin, hair, and other tissue.

Causes and Risk Factors

Skin cysts can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Genetics: Some people may be more prone to developing skin cysts due to their genetic makeup.
• Blockage of oil glands or hair follicles: This can cause the formation of a cyst.
• Injury or trauma: A skin cyst can form as a result of injury or trauma to the skin.
• Infection: Bacterial or fungal infections can cause the formation of a skin cyst.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a skin cyst may include:

• A lump or bump under the skin
• Redness and inflammation around the cyst
• Pain or tenderness when touched
• Discharge or drainage from the cyst

Diagnosis

A skin cyst is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and medical history. In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis, such as:

• Blood tests: To rule out underlying infections or other conditions.
• Imaging tests: Such as X-rays or ultrasound to determine the size and location of the cyst.
• Biopsy: A sample of tissue may be taken from the cyst for examination under a microscope.

Treatment

The treatment for a skin cyst depends on the type, size, and location of the cyst. Treatment options may include:

• Watchful waiting: Small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment.
• Drainage: The cyst can be drained with a needle or surgically removed.
• Surgical excision: The entire cyst is removed surgically.
• Antibiotics: If the cyst becomes infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection.

Complications

If left untreated, skin cysts can lead to complications such as:

• Infection: Bacterial or fungal infections can occur if the cyst is not properly treated.
• Abscess formation: A pocket of pus can form around the cyst, leading to further inflammation and infection.
• Scarring: Surgical removal of a skin cyst can result in scarring.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing skin cysts:

• Practice good hygiene: Keep the skin clean and dry to prevent blockage of oil glands or hair follicles.
• Avoid picking or squeezing: Avoid picking or squeezing pimples, blackheads, or other skin lesions, as this can lead to infection and cyst formation.