Epidermoid Cysts

Epidermoid cysts are benign, slow-growing lesions that arise from the skin and can occur anywhere on the body. They are also known as epidermal inclusion cysts or keratin cysts.

Causes and Risk Factors

Epidermoid cysts are caused by the abnormal growth of skin cells, which can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:

• Genetic predisposition
• Trauma to the skin, such as a cut or puncture wound
• Blockage of a hair follicle or oil gland
• Abnormal skin cell growth, which can be caused by certain medical conditions, such as Gardner syndrome

Symptoms

The symptoms of epidermoid cysts can vary depending on their location and size. Common symptoms include:

• A small, firm lump or bump under the skin
• A round, dome-shaped lesion with a smooth surface
• A lesion that is filled with a thick, cheesy material
• Redness and swelling around the lesion, which can be caused by inflammation or infection
• Pain or tenderness, especially if the cyst becomes inflamed or infected

Diagnosis

Epidermoid cysts are typically diagnosed based on their appearance and symptoms. A doctor may perform a physical examination and take a medical history to rule out other conditions. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for epidermoid cysts usually involves surgical removal of the cyst. This can be done under local anesthesia, and the procedure typically takes only a few minutes. In some cases, the cyst may be drained or aspirated, but this is not always effective and may lead to recurrence.

Complications

Epidermoid cysts are generally benign and do not cause significant complications. However, if left untreated, they can become inflamed or infected, which can lead to:

• Pain and swelling
• Redness and warmth around the lesion
• Pus or discharge from the lesion
• Scarring or skin damage

Prevention

There is no sure way to prevent epidermoid cysts, but avoiding trauma to the skin and keeping the skin clean and dry can help reduce the risk of developing these lesions.