Leukocytes in Stool

Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are an essential part of the immune system. They help fight infections and diseases. The presence of leukocytes in stool can be a sign of an underlying condition or infection in the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes of Leukocytes in Stool

• Infectious diarrhea: Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections can cause leukocytes to appear in stool. Examples include Salmonella, Shigella, and Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infections.
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can lead to the presence of leukocytes in stool due to chronic inflammation in the gut.
• Diverticulitis: Inflammation of the diverticula in the colon can cause leukocytes to appear in stool.
• Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection, can lead to leukocytes in stool.

Symptoms Associated with Leukocytes in Stool

• Diarrhea
• Bloody stools
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weight loss

Diagnosis and Testing

A stool test, also known as a fecal examination, can detect the presence of leukocytes in stool. The test may involve:

• Microscopic examination: A laboratory technician examines the stool sample under a microscope to look for leukocytes and other abnormalities.
• Stool culture: A sample of stool is sent to a laboratory to grow and identify any bacteria or other microorganisms that may be present.
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A test used to detect specific proteins or antibodies in the stool sample.

Treatment and Management

Treatment for leukocytes in stool depends on the underlying cause. It may involve:

• Antibiotics: To treat bacterial infections.
• Anti-inflammatory medications: To reduce inflammation and manage symptoms of IBD or other conditions.
• Supportive care: Rest, hydration, and nutrition to help manage symptoms and support recovery.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention:

• Bloody stools or black, tarry stools
• Severe abdominal pain or cramping
• Fever above 101.5°F (38.6°C)
• Signs of dehydration, such as excessive thirst, dark urine, or decreased urine output
• Vomiting that lasts more than 2 days