Knee Arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy is a surgical procedure that allows doctors to look at the joint space within the knee using a small camera and light, known as an arthroscope. This minimally invasive technique is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Indications

• Torn meniscus (cartilage) repairs
• Ligament injuries or reconstructions
• Removal of loose fragments of bone or cartilage
• Treatment of knee infections
• Diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as synovitis (inflammation of the lining of the joint)

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is given anesthesia to numb the area or induce sleep, depending on the case.
2. A small incision (about 1/4 inch) is made in the skin near the knee joint.
3. The arthroscope is inserted through this incision, and a light source and camera are attached to it, allowing the surgeon to see inside the knee on a monitor.
4. Additional small incisions may be made to insert surgical instruments for repairing or removing damaged tissue.
5. Once the procedure is completed, the arthroscope and any other instruments are removed, and the incisions are closed with stitches or tape.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, knee arthroscopy carries certain risks and potential complications, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding or hematoma
• Nerve damage
• Reactions to anesthesia
• Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis)
• Instrument breakage, although this is rare

Recovery

The recovery time for knee arthroscopy can vary depending on the extent of the procedure and the individual's overall health. Generally:

• Pain and swelling are managed with medication and ice.
• Physical therapy may be recommended to restore strength and mobility to the knee.
• Most people can return to their normal activities within a few weeks, but full recovery may take several months.

Outcomes

The success of knee arthroscopy depends on the condition being treated. For many patients, it provides significant relief from symptoms and improves knee function. However, outcomes can vary based on factors such as the severity of the initial condition and the patient's adherence to post-operative rehabilitation instructions.