Intravenous (IV) Iron Infusion

An intravenous (IV) iron infusion is a medical procedure where iron is administered directly into the bloodstream through a vein. This treatment is used to rapidly increase iron levels in individuals with iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia.

Indications

• Iron deficiency anemia: IV iron infusions are often prescribed for patients who have low iron levels and are experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
• Chronic kidney disease: Patients with chronic kidney disease may require IV iron infusions to manage anemia related to their condition.
• Inflammatory bowel disease: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may experience iron deficiency due to chronic blood loss or malabsorption, making IV iron infusions a necessary treatment.
• Pregnancy and postpartum: Women who are pregnant or have recently given birth may require IV iron infusions to treat iron deficiency anemia.

Preparation and Administration

Before the procedure, patients will typically undergo a series of tests, including:

• Blood tests to determine iron levels and kidney function
• Medical history review to identify any allergies or sensitivities

The IV iron infusion is usually administered in a clinical setting, such as a hospital or outpatient clinic. The procedure typically involves:

• Insertion of an intravenous catheter into a vein, usually in the arm
• Administration of the iron solution through the IV line, which can take anywhere from 15 minutes to several hours, depending on the type and dose of iron used
• Monitoring of vital signs, such as blood pressure and heart rate, during and after the infusion

Types of IV Iron

There are several types of IV iron formulations available, including:

• Ferric gluconate: a commonly used IV iron formulation
• Ferric sucrose: another widely used IV iron formulation
• Ferumoxytol: an ultra-short-acting IV iron formulation
• Iron dextran: a high-molecular-weight IV iron formulation

Risks and Side Effects

While generally considered safe, IV iron infusions can cause side effects, including:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Flushing or rash
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction), although rare

Contraindications

IV iron infusions are contraindicated in patients with:

• Known allergy to iron or any component of the IV iron formulation
• Severe hypersensitivity reactions to previous IV iron infusions
• Chronic liver disease or cirrhosis