Intragastric Balloon Placement

Intragastric balloon placement is a minimally invasive medical procedure used for weight loss in obese individuals. The procedure involves the insertion of a saline-filled or gas-filled balloon into the stomach through the mouth, using an endoscope.

Indications

• Obesity with a body mass index (BMI) of 30-40 kg/m²
• Failed weight loss attempts with diet and exercise
• Comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea

Procedure

The procedure is typically performed under conscious sedation or light anesthesia. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth and guided into the stomach. The balloon is then inserted through the endoscope and filled with saline solution or gas.

Types of Balloons

• Orbera: a saline-filled balloon that remains in the stomach for up to 6 months
• ReShape: a dual-balloon system that is also filled with saline and remains in place for up to 6 months
• Spatz: an adjustable, gas-filled balloon that can be adjusted and remains in place for up to 12 months

How it Works

The intragastric balloon takes up space in the stomach, reducing hunger and promoting feelings of fullness. This leads to a reduction in food intake and subsequent weight loss.

Risks and Complications

• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Balloon deflation or rupture
• Gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation (rare)

Post-Procedure Care

Patients typically require a liquid diet for the first few days after the procedure, followed by a gradual introduction of solid foods. Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are necessary to monitor weight loss and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

Efficacy

Studies have shown that intragastric balloon placement can result in significant weight loss, with average losses ranging from 10-30% of initial body weight over 6-12 months. However, individual results may vary, and long-term weight loss maintenance is dependent on lifestyle changes and ongoing medical supervision.

Removal

The balloon is typically removed after 6-12 months, depending on the type of balloon used and the patient's progress. The removal procedure is similar to the insertion procedure, using an endoscope to deflate and retrieve the balloon.