HPV Vaccine

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a vaccine designed to protect against certain types of cancer-causing viruses, specifically those that cause cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers.

Types of HPV Vaccines

There are three types of HPV vaccines available:

• Gardasil (Quadrivalent): protects against four types of HPV (6, 11, 16, and 18)
• Cervarix (Bivalent): protects against two types of HPV (16 and 18)
• Gardasil 9 (Nonavalent): protects against nine types of HPV (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58)

Administration

The HPV vaccine is typically administered in a series of two or three doses, depending on the age of the recipient and the type of vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends:

• Two doses for children aged 11-12 years, with the second dose given 6-12 months after the first
• Three doses for individuals who start the series at age 15 or older, or for those with certain immunocompromising conditions

Benefits and Effectiveness

The HPV vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing:

• Cervical cancer: up to 90% reduction in risk
• Genital warts: up to 90% reduction in risk
• Anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers: significant reduction in risk

Safety and Side Effects

The HPV vaccine is generally safe and well-tolerated. Common side effects include:

• Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
• Fever
• Headache or fatigue
• Nausea or dizziness

Recommendations and Guidelines

The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for:

• All preteens (ages 11-12), with catch-up vaccination through age 26 for those who did not receive the vaccine at a younger age
• Men who have sex with men, transgender individuals, and immunocompromised persons through age 26

Contraindications and Precautions

The HPV vaccine is contraindicated in individuals with:

• A history of severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or component of the vaccine
• Pregnancy (although it may be given to breastfeeding women)

Monitoring and Follow-up

After receiving the HPV vaccine, individuals should continue to follow recommended cervical cancer screening guidelines.