Hand and Finger Fractures

Hand and finger fractures refer to breaks or cracks in one or more of the bones in the hand or fingers. The hand is made up of 27 bones, and the fingers are made up of three bones each (proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanges), except for the thumb which has only two bones (proximal and distal phalanges). Fractures can occur in any of these bones due to various reasons such as trauma, falls, sports injuries, or osteoporosis.

Symptoms

• Pain or tenderness in the affected area
• Swelling or bruising around the fracture site
• Deformity or abnormal alignment of the finger or hand
• Limited mobility or stiffness in the affected finger or hand
• Numbness or tingling sensation in the fingers
• Difficulty moving the fingers or grasping objects
• Crepitus (grinding or crunching feeling) when moving the affected area

Types of Hand and Finger Fractures

• Non-displaced fracture: The bone is cracked, but still in its normal position.
• Displaced fracture: The bone is broken into two or more pieces that are out of place.
• Comminuted fracture: The bone is broken into three or more pieces.
• Open fracture (compound fracture): The skin is broken, and the bone is exposed to the outside environment, increasing the risk of infection.
• Closed fracture (simple fracture): The skin is intact, and the bone is not exposed.

Treatments

• Immobilization: Using a cast, splint, or brace to keep the affected area still and allow the bone to heal.
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be prescribed to manage pain and inflammation.
• Reduction: A medical procedure to realign and stabilize the bones, either manually (closed reduction) or surgically (open reduction).
• Surgery: May be necessary for more complex fractures, such as comminuted or open fractures, to stabilize the bone with plates, screws, or wires.
• Physical therapy: After the initial healing period, physical therapy may be recommended to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion in the affected hand or finger.
• Buddy taping: Taping the injured finger to an adjacent finger for support and stability.

Complications and Prevention

Untreated or improperly treated hand and finger fractures can lead to complications such as arthritis, stiffness, limited mobility, or chronic pain. To prevent hand and finger fractures, it is essential to:

• Wear protective gear when engaging in sports or activities that involve high-risk of injury
• Maintain good bone health through a balanced diet and regular exercise
• Avoid falls by removing tripping hazards and using handrails when climbing stairs
• Practice proper lifting techniques to avoid straining the hands or fingers

Recovery and Prognosis

The recovery time for hand and finger fractures varies depending on the severity of the injury, the effectiveness of treatment, and individual factors such as age and overall health. With proper treatment and care, most people can expect to regain full function and mobility in their hands and fingers within a few weeks to several months.