Haemorrhoidectomy

A haemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lowest part of the rectum or anus. The procedure is typically performed on patients who have large, external hemorrhoids or prolapsing internal hemorrhoids that have not responded to other treatments.

Types of Haemorrhoidectomy

There are several types of haemorrhoidectomy procedures, including:

• Open Haemorrhoidectomy: This is the most common type of haemorrhoidectomy. The surgeon makes an incision in the skin around the anus to remove the hemorrhoid.
• Closed Haemorrhoidectomy: This procedure involves making a small incision in the mucous membrane that lines the anus, rather than the skin. The hemorrhoid is then removed through this incision.
• Stapled Haemorrhoidectomy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a stapler to remove the hemorrhoid and close the wound.
• Laser Haemorrhoidectomy: This procedure uses a laser to remove the hemorrhoid and seal the wound.

Preparation for Haemorrhoidectomy

Before undergoing a haemorrhoidectomy, patients typically need to:

• Stop taking any medications that may increase bleeding, such as aspirin or warfarin
• Avoid eating or drinking for several hours before the procedure
• Undergo bowel preparation to empty the rectum and colon
• Receive general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia to numb the area

The Procedure

The haemorrhoidectomy procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The surgeon makes an incision in the skin or mucous membrane around the anus.
2. The hemorrhoid is carefully removed, and any bleeding is controlled with sutures or cauterization.
3. The wound is closed with sutures, staples, or a special glue.
4. The patient is taken to the recovery room to rest and recover from the anesthesia.

Recovery and Aftercare

After a haemorrhoidectomy, patients typically need to:

• Rest for several days to allow the wound to heal
• Avoid heavy lifting, bending, or straining
• Take pain medication as directed by the surgeon
• Use stool softeners or fiber supplements to prevent constipation
• Avoid sitting for long periods of time
• Follow a high-fiber diet to help prevent future hemorrhoids

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and complications associated with haemorrhoidectomy, including:

• Bleeding or hemorrhage
• Infection
• Pain or discomfort
• Urinary retention
• Fecal incontinence
• Narrowing of the anal canal (stenosis)

Outcome and Prognosis

The outcome and prognosis for patients who undergo a haemorrhoidectomy are generally good, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in their symptoms. However, there is a small risk of recurrence, and some patients may experience ongoing pain or discomfort.