Dyspareunia

Dyspareunia is a medical term that refers to painful sexual intercourse. It can affect both men and women, but it is more common in women.

Causes of Dyspareunia

• Gynecological conditions: Endometriosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), vaginal yeast infections, and other infections can cause pain during sex.
• Vaginal dryness: Lack of estrogen, which can occur during menopause or breastfeeding, can lead to vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse.
• Vaginismus: A condition where the muscles around the vagina tighten involuntarily, making penetration painful or impossible.
• Pelvic floor dysfunction: Weak or tight pelvic floor muscles can cause pain during sex.
• Surgical complications: Scarring from surgeries such as hysterectomy or episiotomy can cause pain during intercourse.
• Psychological factors: Anxiety, depression, stress, and past trauma can contribute to dyspareunia.

Symptoms of Dyspareunia

• Pain during or after sex
• Burning sensation during or after sex
• Aching or throbbing in the pelvic area
• Difficulty with penetration
• Avoidance of sex due to pain or fear of pain

Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyspareunia

Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, medical history, and possibly diagnostic tests such as pelvic exams, ultrasound, or laparoscopy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Medications: Hormone replacement therapy, pain relievers, or antidepressants.
• Physical therapy: Pelvic floor physical therapy to strengthen or relax muscles.
• Counseling: Sex therapy or counseling to address psychological factors.
• Lifestyle changes: Using lubricants, practicing relaxation techniques, and improving communication with one's partner.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience persistent or severe pain during sex, it is essential to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider can help determine the cause of dyspareunia and develop an effective treatment plan.