Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue.

Types of Uterine Fibroids

• Intramural fibroids: These grow within the muscular wall of the uterus.
• Submucosal fibroids: These grow just beneath the uterine lining (endometrium) and can protrude into the uterine cavity.
• Subserosal fibroids: These grow on the outer surface of the uterus.
• Pedunculated fibroids: These grow on a stalk-like structure and can be either submucosal or subserosal.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Some common symptoms of uterine fibroids include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Bloating and swelling in the abdomen
• Frequent urination
• Constipation
• Pain during intercourse
• Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant

Causes and Risk Factors of Uterine Fibroids

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development:

• Hormonal influences: Estrogen and progesterone can stimulate the growth of fibroids.
• Genetic predisposition: Women with a family history of fibroids are more likely to develop them.
• African American women are more likely to develop fibroids than women of other ethnicities.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese may increase the risk of developing fibroids.

Diagnosis of Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids can be diagnosed using:

• Pelvic exam: A healthcare provider may feel the fibroids during a pelvic exam.
• Imaging tests: Ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans can help confirm the presence and size of fibroids.
• Hysteroscopy: A procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera to visualize the inside of the uterus.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment options for uterine fibroids depend on the size, location, and symptoms of the fibroids, as well as the woman's overall health and reproductive plans:

• Watchful waiting: Monitoring the fibroids with regular exams and imaging tests.
• Medications: Hormonal therapies or pain relievers to manage symptoms.
• Minimally invasive procedures: Uterine artery embolization, radiofrequency ablation, or laparoscopic myomectomy to shrink or remove fibroids.
• Surgical options: Myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus).

Complications of Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids can cause complications such as:

• Anemia from heavy bleeding
• Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant
• Miscarriage or preterm labor
• Pelvic pain or pressure that interferes with daily activities