Dumping Syndrome

Dumping syndrome, also known as rapid gastric emptying, is a medical condition that occurs when food, especially sugar, moves from the stomach to the small bowel too quickly.

Causes

Dumping syndrome can be caused by various factors, including:

• Surgical removal of all or part of the stomach (gastrectomy)
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) surgery, such as fundoplication
• Esophagectomy (removal of the esophagus)
• Gastric bypass surgery for weight loss
• Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Symptoms

The symptoms of dumping syndrome can be divided into two categories: early and late.

Early Symptoms

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal cramps
• Bloating and discomfort
• Weakness and dizziness
• Rapid heartbeat

Late Symptoms

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) 1-3 hours after eating
• Shakiness and sweating
• Dizziness and fainting
• Headaches
• Fatigue

Diagnosis

A diagnosis of dumping syndrome is typically made based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, including:

• Gastric emptying study (GES) to measure the rate at which food leaves the stomach
• Upper endoscopy to visualize the upper digestive tract
• Blood tests to check for hypoglycemia and other metabolic disorders

Treatment

Treatment for dumping syndrome usually involves dietary changes, such as:

• Eating smaller, more frequent meals
• Avoiding sugary foods and drinks
• Choosing low-carbohydrate, high-protein, and high-fat foods
• Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated

In some cases, medication may be prescribed to slow down gastric emptying or manage symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or reconstruct the stomach.