Breast Reconstruction with Abdominal Tissue Flap

Breast reconstruction with an abdominal tissue flap is a surgical procedure used to recreate the breast after a mastectomy or lumpectomy. This type of reconstruction involves transferring tissue from the abdomen to the chest to create a new breast.

Types of Abdominal Tissue Flaps

There are several types of abdominal tissue flaps that can be used for breast reconstruction, including:

• TRAM (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous) flap: This is the most common type of abdominal tissue flap used for breast reconstruction. It involves transferring a portion of the rectus abdominis muscle, along with skin and fat from the lower abdomen, to the chest.
• DIEP (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator) flap: This type of flap is similar to the TRAM flap, but it involves transferring only the skin and fat from the lower abdomen, without taking any muscle. This can result in less abdominal weakness and a faster recovery.
• SIEA (Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery) flap: This type of flap is similar to the DIEP flap, but it involves transferring skin and fat from the lower abdomen, along with a superficial blood vessel.

Candidates for Abdominal Tissue Flap Breast Reconstruction

Not all women are candidates for breast reconstruction with an abdominal tissue flap. The best candidates are those who:

• Have sufficient abdominal tissue to create a new breast
• Are in good overall health
• Do not have any medical conditions that may increase the risk of complications, such as diabetes or smoking
• Have realistic expectations about the outcome of the surgery

Surgical Procedure

The surgical procedure for breast reconstruction with an abdominal tissue flap typically involves several steps:

1. Harvesting the flap: The surgeon will make an incision in the lower abdomen and carefully dissect out the skin, fat, and muscle (if using a TRAM flap) to be transferred to the chest.
2. Transferring the flap: The flap is then transferred to the chest, where it is shaped and molded to create a new breast.
3. Reattaching blood vessels: The surgeon will reattach the blood vessels in the flap to those in the chest, using microsurgery techniques.
4. Closing the incisions: The incisions are then closed, and the new breast is shaped and molded to match the opposite breast as closely as possible.

Benefits and Risks

Breast reconstruction with an abdominal tissue flap has several benefits, including:

• A natural-looking and feeling breast
• A permanent solution for breast reconstruction
• The ability to match the opposite breast closely

However, there are also some risks associated with this type of surgery, including:

• Bleeding or hematoma
• Infection
• Nerve damage or numbness
• Abdominal weakness or hernia
• Flap failure or necrosis

Recovery and Follow-up Care

After breast reconstruction with an abdominal tissue flap, patients typically require several days of hospitalization and several weeks of recovery at home. During this time, they will need to:

• Avoid heavy lifting or bending
• Avoid strenuous activities, such as exercise or sex
• Take pain medication as directed
• Attend follow-up appointments with their surgeon to monitor the healing process and remove any sutures or drains.

Conclusion

Breast reconstruction with an abdominal tissue flap is a complex surgical procedure that can provide excellent results for women who have undergone a mastectomy or lumpectomy. While there are some risks associated with this type of surgery, the benefits of a natural-looking and feeling breast make it a popular choice for many women.