Ankle Fracture

An ankle fracture, also known as a broken ankle, is an injury to one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. The ankle joint is composed of three bones: the tibia (shinbone), fibula, and talus.

Types of Ankle Fractures

• Non-displaced fracture: The bone is cracked but still in its normal position.
• Displaced fracture: The bone is broken into two or more pieces and is out of place.
• Comminuted fracture: The bone is broken into three or more pieces.
• Open fracture: The skin is broken and there is a risk of infection.
• Stress fracture: A small crack in the bone, often caused by repetitive stress or overuse.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ankle fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Falls from a height
• Twisting or rolling the ankle
• Direct blows to the ankle
• Overuse or repetitive stress
• Weakened bones (e.g. osteoporosis)

Symptoms

Common symptoms of an ankle fracture include:

• Pain and swelling in the ankle
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the ankle
• Deformity or abnormal appearance of the ankle
• Bruising or discoloration
• Numbness or tingling in the foot or toes

Diagnosis

Diagnosing an ankle fracture typically involves:

• Physical examination and medical history
• X-rays to confirm the presence of a fracture
• CT or MRI scans to evaluate the extent of the injury

Treatment

Treatment for an ankle fracture depends on the severity and type of fracture, but may include:

• Immobilization: Casting, bracing, or splinting to stabilize the ankle and allow healing.
• Pain management: Medications to manage pain and discomfort.
• Surgery: To repair and stabilize the fracture, especially in cases of displaced or comminuted fractures.
• Physical therapy: To restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion after healing.

Complications and Prevention

Possible complications of an ankle fracture include:

• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Arthritis
• Chronic pain or instability

To prevent ankle fractures, it is recommended to:

• Wear proper footwear and orthotics
• Avoid overexertion and repetitive stress
• Maintain strong bones through exercise and nutrition
• Use protective gear during sports or activities that involve high-impact movements