Yeast Infections

A yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a type of fungal infection caused by the Candida species of yeast. It is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly women.

Causes and Risk Factors

Candida yeast is normally found on the skin and in mucous membranes, such as the vagina, mouth, and throat. However, when the balance of bacteria and yeast in these areas is disrupted, Candida can overgrow and cause an infection. Some common causes and risk factors for yeast infections include:

• Antibiotic use, which can disrupt the balance of bacteria and yeast
• Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menstruation
• Diabetes, particularly if blood sugar levels are not well-controlled
• Weakened immune system, such as in people with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy
• Tight clothing, which can create a warm and moist environment that fosters yeast growth
• Poor hygiene, such as not changing underwear regularly

Symptoms

The symptoms of a yeast infection can vary depending on the location and severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:

• Vaginal itching, burning, or redness
• Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may be thick, white, and cottage cheese-like
• Painful urination or intercourse
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Oral thrush, which can cause white patches on the tongue and inside the mouth

Diagnosis

A yeast infection is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. A healthcare provider may also perform a pelvic exam or take a sample of vaginal discharge for laboratory testing to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for a yeast infection depends on the severity and location of the infection. Common treatments include:

• Antifungal medications, such as clotrimazole or fluconazole, which can be applied topically or taken orally
• Over-the-counter creams or suppositories, such as Monistat or Vagistat
• Prescription-strength antifungal medications for more severe infections

Prevention

To prevent yeast infections, it is recommended to:

• Practice good hygiene, such as changing underwear regularly and wiping from front to back after using the bathroom
• Avoid tight clothing and synthetic fabrics, which can create a warm and moist environment that fosters yeast growth
• Use gentle soap and avoid scented products, which can disrupt the balance of bacteria and yeast
• Wear breathable clothing, such as cotton underwear
• Avoid antibiotics unless absolutely necessary, as they can disrupt the balance of bacteria and yeast

Complications

If left untreated, a yeast infection can lead to complications, such as:

• Recurring infections, which can be more difficult to treat
• Spread of the infection to other parts of the body, such as the bloodstream or internal organs
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious condition that can cause infertility and chronic pain