Vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the vulva and vagina. It is a common gynecological disorder that affects women of all ages, but it is most prevalent among prepubescent girls and postmenopausal women.

Causes

The causes of vulvovaginitis can be diverse and include:

• Bacterial infections: such as bacterial vaginosis, caused by an overgrowth of normal vaginal bacteria
• Yeast infections: caused by Candida albicans, a type of fungus
• Trichomoniasis: a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
• Chemical irritants: such as soaps, detergents, and douches
• Allergic reactions: to latex, spermicides, or other substances
• Hormonal changes: during menopause or pregnancy

Symptoms

The symptoms of vulvovaginitis may vary depending on the underlying cause, but common symptoms include:

• Vulvar itching, burning, or pain
• Vaginal discharge: which can be abnormal in color, consistency, or odor
• Redness and swelling of the vulva and vagina
• Painful urination or intercourse
• Аbnormal vaginal bleeding

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of vulvovaginitis is typically made based on a combination of:

• Medical history: including symptoms, sexual history, and previous infections
• Physical examination: of the vulva and vagina
• Laboratory tests: such as wet mount microscopy, vaginal cultures, or PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing

Treatment

The treatment of vulvovaginitis depends on the underlying cause, but may include:

• Antibiotics: for bacterial infections
• Antifungal medications: for yeast infections
• Anti-parasitic medications: for trichomoniasis
• Corticosteroid creams or ointments: to reduce inflammation and itching
• Hormone replacement therapy: for hormonal imbalances
• Avoiding irritants: such as soaps, douches, and scented products

Prevention

To prevent vulvovaginitis, women can take the following steps:

• Practice good hygiene: avoiding scented soaps, douches, and other irritants
• Wear breathable clothing: to reduce moisture and irritation
• Avoid tight-fitting clothing: which can trap moisture and bacteria
• Use condoms: to prevent sexually transmitted infections
• Get regular check-ups: with a healthcare provider to monitor for any abnormalities