Vestibular Testing

Vestibular testing refers to a series of evaluations used to assess the function of the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance and equilibrium. The tests are designed to evaluate the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear, as well as the brain's ability to process information related to balance and movement.

Types of Vestibular Tests

• Electronystagmography (ENG): This test measures the movements of the eyes using electrodes placed around the eyes. It is used to evaluate nystagmus (abnormal eye movements) and can help diagnose vestibular disorders.
• Videonystagmography (VNG): Similar to ENG, but uses a camera to record the eye movements instead of electrodes. VNG provides more detailed information about eye movements and is often used in conjunction with other tests.
• Caloric Testing: This test involves stimulating the vestibular system by irrigating the ears with warm or cool water. The resulting nystagmus is measured using ENG or VNG. Caloric testing helps evaluate the function of the vestibular apparatus in each ear.
• Rotary Chair Test: This test involves sitting in a rotating chair while the patient's eye movements are recorded using ENG or VNG. The test evaluates the vestibular system's response to rotational stimuli.
• Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP): This test assesses balance and equilibrium by measuring the patient's ability to maintain posture on a moving platform. CDP provides information about the vestibular system's contribution to balance and stability.

Purpose of Vestibular Testing

The primary purpose of vestibular testing is to diagnose and evaluate vestibular disorders, such as:

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
• Ménière's disease
• Vestibular migraine
• Labyrinthitis
• Vestibular neuritis

Preparation and Contraindications

Patient preparation for vestibular testing typically involves:

• Avoiding heavy meals or caffeine before the test
• Removing contact lenses or glasses
• Avoiding makeup or lotion around the eyes

Contraindications for vestibular testing include:

• Pacemakers or other implanted medical devices
• Claustrophobia or anxiety disorders (for certain tests)
• Recent ear surgery or trauma

Interpretation of Results

The results of vestibular testing are interpreted by a healthcare professional, typically an audiologist or an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. The test results help diagnose vestibular disorders and guide treatment plans.