Vertebroplasty

Vertebroplasty is a medical spinal procedure where a special cement is injected into a fractured vertebra to stabilize and relieve back pain caused by vertebral compression fractures.

Indications

• Vertebral compression fractures, often caused by osteoporosis or trauma
• Relieving severe back pain that has not responded to other treatments
• Stabilizing the spine and preventing further vertebral collapse

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

• The patient is given local anesthesia and possibly light sedation to minimize discomfort
• A small incision is made in the skin, and a needle is inserted into the fractured vertebra under fluoroscopic guidance (live X-ray imaging)
• A special bone cement, usually polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), is prepared and injected through the needle into the vertebral body
• The cement hardens quickly, providing immediate stability to the fracture

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with vertebroplasty:

• Infection
• Bleeding or hematoma at the injection site
• Nerve damage or irritation
• Cement leakage into surrounding tissues or blood vessels, which can cause serious complications

Post-Procedure Care

After vertebroplasty, patients typically:

• Rest for 24 hours to allow the cement to fully harden
• Avoid heavy lifting, bending, or strenuous activities for several weeks
• Follow a pain management plan as directed by their doctor
• Attend follow-up appointments to monitor the healing process and adjust treatment as needed

Efficacy and Outcomes

Vertebroplasty can provide significant pain relief and improved mobility for many patients with vertebral compression fractures. However, outcomes may vary depending on individual factors, such as the severity of the fracture, overall health, and presence of other medical conditions.

Alternative Treatments

Other treatments for vertebral compression fractures may include:

• Conservative management with pain medication, bracing, and physical therapy
• Kyphoplasty, a similar procedure that involves inflating a balloon to restore vertebral height before cement injection
• Surgical stabilization or fusion in more severe cases