Vaginal Yeast Infection Tests

A vaginal yeast infection, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, is a common condition caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans in the vagina. To diagnose and manage this condition, several tests can be employed.

Types of Tests

• Pelvic Exam: A healthcare provider performs a pelvic exam to look for signs of a yeast infection, such as redness, swelling, and discharge.
• Vaginal Discharge Examination: The healthcare provider takes a sample of the vaginal discharge and examines it under a microscope to look for the presence of yeast cells or buds.
• Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Test: A sample of the vaginal discharge is mixed with KOH, which helps to dissolve the cells and make the yeast more visible under a microscope.
• Wet Mount Test: A sample of the vaginal discharge is placed on a slide and examined under a microscope while it is still wet. This test can help identify the presence of yeast cells or other microorganisms.
• Culture Test: A sample of the vaginal discharge is sent to a laboratory where it is cultured to grow any yeast or bacteria present. This test can take several days to provide results.
• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Test: This is a molecular test that detects the genetic material of the Candida fungus. It is highly sensitive and specific but may not be widely available.

When to Perform Tests

Vaginal yeast infection tests are typically performed when a woman experiences symptoms such as:

• Itching or burning in the vagina or vulva
• Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may be thick, white, and cottage cheese-like
• Painful urination or intercourse
• Redness or swelling of the vulva

Interpretation of Results

The results of these tests can help diagnose a vaginal yeast infection. A positive result indicates the presence of Candida albicans, while a negative result may suggest another cause for the symptoms.

Limitations and Considerations

While these tests are useful in diagnosing vaginal yeast infections, they have limitations. For example:

• A negative test result does not always rule out a yeast infection, as some cases may be caused by other types of Candida or other microorganisms.
• A positive test result may not necessarily indicate an active infection, as some women can be asymptomatic carriers of Candida.