Vaginal Discharge

Vaginal discharge is a normal and natural part of the female reproductive system. It is a fluid produced by the cervix and vaginal walls to help keep the vagina clean and healthy.

Types of Vaginal Discharge

• Normal discharge: Clear or white, thin, and odorless. It helps to lubricate the vagina and remove bacteria and other foreign particles.
• Abnormal discharge: Thick, yellow, green, or gray, with a strong unpleasant odor. It can be a sign of an infection or other underlying condition.

Causes of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

• Bacterial vaginosis (BV): A bacterial infection that causes an imbalance in the natural bacteria in the vagina, leading to a fishy-smelling discharge.
• Yeast infections: Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans, which can lead to a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge.
• Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection (STI) that causes a greenish-yellow, frothy discharge.
• Gonorrhea and chlamydia: STIs that can cause an increase in vaginal discharge, which may be yellow or greenish in color.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): An infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries that can cause a thick, yellow or greenish discharge.
• Cervicitis: Inflammation of the cervix, which can cause an increase in vaginal discharge.

Symptoms of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

• Unusual color or consistency of discharge
• Strong unpleasant odor
• Itching or burning sensation in the vagina or vulva
• Pain during urination or sex
• Abdominal pain or cramping

Diagnosis and Treatment

A healthcare provider can diagnose the cause of abnormal vaginal discharge by performing a physical exam, taking a medical history, and conducting laboratory tests such as:

• Pelvic exam
• Vaginal swab or culture
• Urinalysis
• Blood tests

Treatment for abnormal vaginal discharge depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Antifungal medications for yeast infections
• Antiparasitic medications for trichomoniasis
• Hormonal treatments for hormonal imbalances

Prevention and Self-Care

To help prevent abnormal vaginal discharge, practice good hygiene and self-care by:

• Wearing breathable clothing and underwear
• Avoiding scented soaps, douches, and perfumes
• Practicing safe sex and using condoms
• Getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider
• Staying hydrated and maintaining a healthy diet

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention:

• Severe abdominal pain or cramping
• Fever over 101.5°F (38.6°C)
• Vaginal discharge that is heavy, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms
• Difficulty urinating or painful urination
• Unusual vaginal bleeding or spotting