Vaginal Bleeding Between Periods or After Sex

Vaginal bleeding between periods, also known as intermenstrual bleeding, and bleeding after sex, also known as postcoital bleeding, are symptoms that can have various causes.

Causes of Vaginal Bleeding Between Periods

• Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly estrogen, can lead to irregular vaginal bleeding.
• Uterine Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding, including bleeding between periods.
• Endometrial Hyperplasia: A condition where the lining of the uterus grows too thick, leading to irregular vaginal bleeding.
• Cervical Polyps: Small growths on the cervix that can cause bleeding after sex or between periods.
• Infections: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), yeast infections, or other infections can cause vaginal bleeding.
• Contraceptives: Certain birth control methods, such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) or hormonal contraceptives, can cause irregular vaginal bleeding.

Causes of Vaginal Bleeding After Sex

• Cervical Erosion: A condition where the cervix becomes inflamed and bleeds easily, often due to a yeast infection or other infection.
• Cervical Polyps: As mentioned earlier, these growths can cause bleeding after sex.
• Endometrial Cancer: Although rare, vaginal bleeding after sex can be a symptom of endometrial cancer.
• Vaginal Dryness: Insufficient lubrication during sex can cause vaginal bleeding or spotting.
• Trauma: Vaginal bleeding can occur due to physical trauma, such as rough sex or a pelvic injury.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following, seek medical attention:

• Heavy or prolonged vaginal bleeding
• Bleeding that is accompanied by severe abdominal pain or cramping
• Fever or chills
• Vaginal discharge with a strong odor
• Difficulty starting or stopping urination

Diagnosis and Treatment

A healthcare provider will perform a physical exam, take a medical history, and may order diagnostic tests such as:

• Pelvic exam
• Pap test
• Ultrasound or other imaging tests
• Endometrial biopsy

Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the vaginal bleeding and may include:

• Hormonal therapies
• Antibiotics for infections
• Surgery to remove growths or tumors
• Lifestyle changes, such as increasing lubrication during sex