Urticaria-Angioedema

Urticaria-angioedema is a medical condition characterized by the sudden onset of itchy, swollen wheals (hives) and deeper tissue swelling, often affecting the face, lips, tongue, and throat. This condition can be acute or chronic, with symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Causes

The exact cause of urticaria-angioedema is often unknown, but common triggers include:

• Allergic reactions to foods, medications, or insect bites
• Infections, such as viral or bacterial infections
• Autoimmune disorders, like thyroid disease or lupus
• Hormonal changes, including pregnancy or menstruation
• Genetic predisposition

Symptoms

The symptoms of urticaria-angioedema can vary in severity and may include:

• Itchy, raised wheals (hives) on the skin
• Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, or nausea
• Rapid heartbeat or palpitations

Diagnosis

Diagnosing urticaria-angioedema typically involves a physical examination and medical history. The following tests may be ordered to rule out underlying conditions:

• Blood tests, including complete blood count (CBC) and allergy testing
• Skin prick testing or patch testing for allergies
• Imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans, to evaluate the extent of swelling

Treatment

Treatment for urticaria-angioedema depends on the severity and underlying cause. Common treatments include:

• Antihistamines to relieve itching and reduce swelling
• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Epinephrine injections or auto-injectors for severe reactions
• Avoiding known triggers, such as certain foods or medications

Complications

If left untreated or poorly managed, urticaria-angioedema can lead to complications, including:

• Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction
• Airway obstruction, which can cause respiratory failure
• Cardiac problems, such as arrhythmias or cardiac arrest

Prevention

To prevent urticaria-angioedema, it is essential to:

• Avoid known triggers and allergens
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise
• Manage underlying medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders or infections