Urinary Catheter Procedure

A urinary catheter is a medical device used to drain urine from the bladder when an individual is unable to urinate naturally. The procedure involves inserting a catheter, which is a thin, flexible tube, into the bladder through the urethra.

Types of Urinary Catheters

• Indwelling Catheter: This type of catheter remains in place for a period of time, typically with a balloon or other mechanism to keep it from being expelled from the bladder.
• Intermittent Catheter: This type of catheter is inserted and then removed after each use, allowing for more flexibility and potentially reducing the risk of infection.
• External Catheter: Also known as a condom catheter, this type of catheter fits over the penis and collects urine in a bag, without the need for insertion into the urethra.

Insertion Procedure

The insertion procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Cleaning and preparing the genital area to reduce the risk of infection.
2. Applying a local anesthetic or lubricant to minimize discomfort during insertion.
3. Gently inserting the catheter into the urethra until it reaches the bladder, at which point urine should begin to flow out.
4. Securing the catheter in place with tape or a balloon, depending on the type of catheter being used.

Purpose and Indications

Urinary catheters are used for a variety of purposes, including:

• Urinary Retention: When an individual is unable to urinate due to obstruction, neurological disorders, or other medical conditions.
• Surgical Procedures: To manage urine output during and after surgery, particularly in the pelvic area.
• Monitoring Urine Output: In critically ill patients or those with kidney disease, to closely monitor urine production.

Risks and Complications

Possible risks and complications associated with urinary catheter use include:

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Bacterial infections that can occur when bacteria enter the urinary system through the catheter.
• Bladder Irritation: Discomfort, pain, or bleeding due to the presence of the catheter.
• Catheter Blockage or Kinking: Obstruction of urine flow, which can lead to urinary retention or other complications.

Care and Maintenance

To minimize the risk of complications, it is essential to follow proper care and maintenance procedures for the catheter and surrounding area, including:

• Regular Cleaning: Of the genital area and catheter site.
• Securing the Catheter: To prevent accidental removal or kinking.
• Monitoring for Signs of Infection: Such as fever, redness, or discharge.