Upper Endoscopy

An upper endoscopy, also known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to visually examine the upper digestive system.

Purpose

The purpose of an upper endoscopy is to:

• Diagnose and treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and inflammation in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
• Investigate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding in the upper digestive tract.
• Remove polyps or other growths from the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
• Treat conditions such as narrowing of the esophagus or stomach.

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is given a sedative to help them relax and a local anesthetic to numb the throat.
2. The doctor inserts a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end (endoscope) through the mouth and into the esophagus.
3. The endoscope is guided through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, allowing the doctor to visually examine the lining of these organs.
4. The doctor may take tissue samples (biopsies) or remove polyps or other growths during the procedure.
5. The procedure typically takes 15-30 minutes to complete.

Preparation

To prepare for an upper endoscopy, patients are usually instructed to:

• Fast for 6-8 hours before the procedure to ensure the stomach is empty.
• Avoid eating or drinking anything that could interfere with the procedure, such as food or liquids that are red or purple in color.
• Inform their doctor about any medications they are taking, especially blood thinners or diabetes medications.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with an upper endoscopy, including:

• Bleeding or perforation of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
• Infection.
• Allergic reaction to the sedative or anesthetic.
• Damage to the teeth or dental work.

After the Procedure

After the procedure, patients are usually:

• Taken to a recovery area to rest for about an hour.
• Monitored for any signs of complications, such as bleeding or difficulty breathing.
• Given instructions on how to manage any discomfort or side effects, such as sore throat or bloating.
• Allowed to resume their normal activities and diet after a few hours, unless otherwise instructed by their doctor.