Umbilical Hernia

An umbilical hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when part of the intestine or other tissue bulges through an opening in the abdominal wall near the navel (belly button). This condition is also known as a periumbilical hernia or navel hernia.

Causes and Risk Factors

An umbilical hernia can occur when there is a weakness or hole in the abdominal wall, allowing tissue to protrude through. This weakness can be present at birth or develop over time due to various factors, including:

• Pregnancy: Increased pressure on the abdominal wall during pregnancy can cause an umbilical hernia.
• Obesity: Excess weight can put strain on the abdominal wall, leading to a hernia.
• Straining during bowel movements or urination: This can increase pressure on the abdominal wall and contribute to hernia development.
• Coughing or sneezing: Repeated coughing or sneezing can also increase pressure on the abdominal wall.
• Aging: Weakened muscles and decreased collagen production with age can contribute to hernia development.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of an umbilical hernia include:

• A bulge or lump near the navel, which may be more noticeable when coughing, straining, or standing.
• Pain or discomfort in the abdomen, especially when lifting, bending, or straining.
• Discomfort or pain during bowel movements or urination.

Diagnosis

An umbilical hernia is typically diagnosed through a physical examination by a healthcare provider. The doctor may:

• Feel the abdomen to detect any bulges or lumps.
• Ask about symptoms and medical history.
• Perform an imaging test, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for an umbilical hernia usually involves surgery to repair the hernia. The type of surgery depends on the size and severity of the hernia:

• Open hernia repair: An incision is made near the navel, and the hernia is repaired with sutures or mesh.
• Laparoscopic hernia repair: A minimally invasive procedure using a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) to repair the hernia through small incisions.

Complications

If left untreated, an umbilical hernia can lead to complications, such as:

• Incaceration: The hernia becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back into the abdomen.
• Strangulation: The blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, leading to tissue death.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing an umbilical hernia:

• Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
• Avoid heavy lifting or straining.
• Manage chronic coughing or constipation with medical treatment if necessary.