Transbronchial Biopsy

A transbronchial biopsy is a medical procedure used to collect tissue samples from the lungs for examination under a microscope. The procedure involves inserting a flexible tube called a bronchoscope through the mouth or nose and into the airways of the lungs.

Indications

• Diagnosis of lung diseases, such as cancer, tuberculosis, or pneumonia
• Evaluation of abnormal chest X-ray or CT scan findings
• Assessment of lung transplant rejection
• Investigation of unexplained cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain

Procedure

The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and sedation. The patient is asked to lie on their back and a bronchoscope is inserted through the mouth or nose and guided into the airways. Once in place, the bronchoscope is used to visualize the lung tissue and guide a biopsy forceps to collect tissue samples.

Types of Transbronchial Biopsy

• Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA): uses a needle to collect cells from lymph nodes or masses outside the airways
• Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB): uses forceps to collect tissue samples from the lung parenchyma
• Transbronchial cryobiopsy: uses a cryoprobe to freeze and collect tissue samples

Risks and Complications

• Bleeding or hemorrhage
• Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
• Infection
• Damage to the airways or lungs
• Reaction to anesthesia or sedation

Preparation and Aftercare

Prior to the procedure, patients are typically required to:

• Fast for several hours
• Avoid taking certain medications, such as blood thinners
• Remove any dentures or jewelry

After the procedure, patients are monitored for several hours and may experience:

• Coughing or wheezing
• Sore throat or hoarseness
• Shortness of breath or chest discomfort

Results and Follow-up

The tissue samples collected during the procedure are sent to a laboratory for examination under a microscope. The results may take several days to several weeks to become available. Patients typically follow up with their doctor to discuss the results and any further treatment or testing that may be necessary.