Trabeculectomy

Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure used to treat glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can lead to vision loss and blindness by damaging the optic nerve.

Purpose

The primary purpose of trabeculectomy is to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. Elevated IOP is a major risk factor for glaucomatous damage, and lowering it can help prevent further vision loss.

Procedure

Trabeculectomy involves creating a new drainage pathway for fluid to leave the eye, thereby reducing IOP. The procedure typically involves:

• Administering local anesthesia to numb the eye
• Creating a small incision in the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye
• Removing a small piece of tissue from the trabecular meshwork, the drainage system of the eye
• Creating a new drainage channel, allowing fluid to flow out of the eye and into a reservoir under the conjunctiva
• Closing the incision with sutures

Types of Trabeculectomy

There are several variations of trabeculectomy, including:

• Conventional trabeculectomy: This is the traditional method, which involves creating a full-thickness hole in the sclera.
• Fornix-based trabeculectomy: This approach involves making an incision in the conjunctiva at the fornix, the junction between the conjunctiva and the cornea.
• Limbal-based trabeculectomy: This method involves making an incision near the limbus, the border between the cornea and the sclera.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, trabeculectomy carries risks and potential complications, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Choroidal effusion or suprachoroidal hemorrhage
• Cataract formation or progression
• Hypotony (low IOP)
• Failure of the procedure to control IOP

Postoperative Care

After trabeculectomy, patients typically require:

• Frequent follow-up appointments with their eye doctor
• Use of topical antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications
• Avoidance of heavy lifting, bending, or strenuous activities
• Protection of the eye from trauma or injury

Success Rates

The success rate of trabeculectomy varies depending on factors such as the type and severity of glaucoma, patient age, and overall health. Studies have reported success rates ranging from 70% to 90% in reducing IOP and slowing or halting glaucomatous progression.