Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Transferrin Test

The Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) and transferrin test are blood tests used to measure the level of iron in the body and the capacity of the blood to bind to iron. These tests are often used together to diagnose and monitor conditions related to iron deficiency or overload.

What is TIBC?

TIBC measures the all proteins available for binding mobile iron, including both transferrin and other proteins. It is a measure of the total amount of iron that can be bound by transferrin and other proteins in the blood. The TIBC test is usually performed to assess the body's ability to transport iron.

What is Transferrin?

Transferrin is a protein that binds to iron in the bloodstream and carries it to various parts of the body, such as the liver, spleen, and bone tissues. The transferrin test measures the level of this protein in the blood.

Purpose of the Tests

The TIBC and transferrin tests are used for several purposes:

• To diagnose iron deficiency anemia: Low levels of TIBC and transferrin may indicate iron deficiency anemia.
• To monitor treatment of iron deficiency anemia: The tests can be used to assess the effectiveness of iron supplements or other treatments.
• To diagnose hemochromatosis: Elevated levels of iron and transferrin saturation may indicate hemochromatosis, a condition characterized by excessive iron accumulation in the body.

How the Tests are Performed

The TIBC and transferrin tests involve a blood draw, usually from a vein in the arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Interpretation of Results

The results of the TIBC and transferrin tests are interpreted as follows:

• Normal TIBC: 240-450 μg/dL
• Normal transferrin: 200-400 mg/dL
• Low TIBC and transferrin: May indicate iron deficiency anemia or chronic disease.
• High TIBC and transferrin: May indicate iron overload or hemochromatosis.

Limitations of the Tests

The TIBC and transferrin tests have some limitations:

• The tests may not be accurate in patients with certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or chronic kidney disease.
• The tests may not detect iron deficiency anemia in its early stages.