Tooth Fracture

A tooth fracture, also known as a cracked tooth, is a common dental injury that occurs when a tooth is broken or cracked due to various reasons such as trauma, decay, or wear and tear.

Types of Tooth Fractures

• Craze lines: These are small, shallow cracks in the enamel of the tooth that do not extend to the dentin layer.
• Fractured cusp: This type of fracture occurs when a cusp (the pointed part of the chewing surface) of the tooth is broken off.
• Cracked tooth: A cracked tooth is a more extensive fracture that extends from the chewing surface of the tooth down towards the root, but does not completely separate the tooth.
• Split tooth: This type of fracture occurs when a crack in the tooth extends all the way through the tooth, causing it to split into two or more parts.
• Vertical root fracture: This type of fracture occurs when a crack develops in the root of the tooth, often due to trauma or excessive forces on the tooth.

Causes of Tooth Fractures

Tooth fractures can be caused by various factors, including:

• Trauma to the mouth, such as a blow to the face or a fall
• Decay or cavities that weaken the tooth structure
• Wear and tear on the teeth due to grinding or clenching habits
• Bite problems or misaligned teeth
• Using teeth as tools, such as opening packages or biting nails
• Eating hard or brittle foods, such as ice or hard candy

Symptoms of Tooth Fractures

The symptoms of a tooth fracture can vary depending on the severity and location of the fracture. Common symptoms include:

• Pain when biting or chewing
• Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures
• Sharp pain when releasing bite pressure
• Visible crack or break in the tooth
• Swelling or inflammation of the surrounding gum tissue

Treatment of Tooth Fractures

The treatment for a tooth fracture depends on the severity and location of the fracture. Common treatments include:

• Dental bonding: A tooth-colored resin is applied to the fractured area to repair and restore the tooth.
• Crowns: A crown is a cap that covers the entire tooth, restoring its shape and function.
• Onlays or inlays: These are custom-made restorations that cover only the damaged portion of the tooth.
• Root canal therapy: If the fracture has exposed the pulp of the tooth, a root canal may be necessary to remove infected tissue and prevent further damage.
• Extraction: In severe cases, the tooth may need to be extracted if it is beyond repair.

Prevention of Tooth Fractures

To prevent tooth fractures, it is recommended to:

• Wear a mouthguard when participating in sports or activities that could result in trauma to the mouth
• Avoid using teeth as tools
• Eat a balanced diet and avoid hard or brittle foods
• Practice good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing
• Visit the dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings