Testicular Pain

Testicular pain, also known as testalgia or orchialgia, refers to discomfort or pain in one or both testicles. The testicles are two oval-shaped organs located inside the scrotum, responsible for producing sperm and testosterone.

Causes of Testicular Pain

• Trauma or injury: A blow to the testicles can cause pain, swelling, and bruising.
• Testicular torsion: A twisting of the spermatic cord that cuts off blood flow to the testicle, requiring emergency medical attention.
• Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, a tube behind the testicle that stores and transports sperm, often caused by bacterial or viral infections.
• Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections.
• Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, which can cause pain and discomfort.
• Hydrocele: A buildup of fluid around a testicle, causing swelling and discomfort.
• Inguinal hernia: A protrusion of tissue through a weakened area in the groin, which can cause pain and discomfort in the testicles.
• Testicular cancer: Although rare, testicular cancer can cause pain or discomfort in the testicle.
• Infections: Such as prostatitis, urethritis, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Symptoms of Testicular Pain

• Aching, tenderness, or sharp pain in one or both testicles
• Swelling or redness of the scrotum
• Abnormal discharge or blood in the semen
• Fever or chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Painful urination or ejaculation

Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Pain

A physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as ultrasound, blood work, or urine analysis may be used to determine the cause of testicular pain. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Pain management with medication
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Surgery for testicular torsion, varicocele, or inguinal hernia
• Cancer treatment if testicular cancer is diagnosed

When to Seek Medical Attention

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Sudden, severe testicular pain
• Numbness or tingling in the testicle
• Swelling or redness of the scrotum
• Fever over 101.5°F (38.6°C)
• Vomiting or severe nausea
• Blood in the urine or semen