Testicular Mass

A testicular mass, also known as a testicular tumor or testicular lump, is an abnormal growth that develops in the testicles. The testicles are two oval-shaped organs located inside the scrotum, which produce sperm and hormones.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of most testicular masses is unknown. However, there are several risk factors that increase a person's likelihood of developing a testicular mass, including:

• Family history: Having a family history of testicular cancer or other testicular conditions increases the risk.
• Undescended testes: Men who have had undescended testes are at higher risk of developing testicular cancer.
• Previous testicular cancer: Men who have had testicular cancer in one testicle are at increased risk of developing it in the other testicle.
• Injury to the testicles: Trauma to the testicles may increase the risk of developing a testicular mass.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a testicular mass can vary depending on the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:

• A lump or swelling in one or both testicles
• Pain or discomfort in the testicle or scrotum
• Enlargement of the testicle or scrotum
• Feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
• Abnormal sensation, such as numbness or tingling, in the testicle or scrotum

Diagnosis

Diagnosing a testicular mass typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. These may include:

• Physical exam: A healthcare provider will perform a physical exam to check for any abnormalities in the testicles or scrotum.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the testicles and scrotum, helping to identify any masses or abnormalities.
• Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the testicle for examination under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment for a testicular mass depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy) or removal of the tumor while preserving the testicle (testis-sparing surgery).
• Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Using medications to kill cancer cells.

Types of Testicular Masses

There are several types of testicular masses, including:

• Testicular cancer: A type of cancer that develops in the testicles, which can be further classified into different subtypes, such as seminoma and non-seminoma.
• Epididymal cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that develop on the epididymis, a tube behind the testicle that stores sperm.
• Spermatoceles: Cysts that develop in the epididymis and contain sperm.
• Hydroceles: Fluid-filled sacs that develop around the testicle.

Prognosis and Outlook

The prognosis and outlook for a person with a testicular mass depend on the underlying cause, size, and location of the mass, as well as the effectiveness of treatment. In general, early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes.