Tendinitis

Tendinitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons, which are tissues that connect muscles to bones. It can occur in any tendon, but it is most common in the shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, knees, and ankles.

Causes and Risk Factors

Tendinitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Overuse or repetitive strain on the tendon
• Sudden injury or trauma to the tendon
• Poor posture or biomechanics
• Aging, as tendons become less flexible and more prone to injury with age
• Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout
• Medications, such as fluoroquinolones, which can increase the risk of tendon damage

Symptoms

The symptoms of tendinitis can vary depending on the location and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Pain or tenderness in the affected area
• Swelling, redness, or warmth around the affected tendon
• Stiffness or limited range of motion in the affected joint
• A grating or crackling sensation when moving the affected joint (crepitus)

Diagnosis

Tendinitis is typically diagnosed based on a combination of:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Imaging tests, such as X-rays or ultrasound, to rule out other conditions and assess the extent of tendon damage
• Lab tests, such as blood work, to check for underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the tendinitis

Treatment

The treatment for tendinitis typically involves a combination of:

• Rest and avoidance of activities that aggravate the condition
• Ice or heat therapy to reduce pain and inflammation
• Physical therapy, such as stretching and strengthening exercises, to improve range of motion and strength in the affected joint
• Pain relief medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to manage pain and inflammation
• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and relieve pain
• Surgery, in severe cases where the tendon is severely damaged or ruptured

Prevention

To prevent tendinitis, it is recommended to:

• Warm up before exercise or physical activity
• Stretch regularly to improve flexibility and range of motion
• Avoid repetitive strain on the same tendon or joint
• Maintain good posture and biomechanics
• Take regular breaks to rest and stretch when engaging in activities that involve repetitive movements

Complications

If left untreated, tendinitis can lead to complications such as:

• Tendon rupture or tearing
• Chronic pain and limited mobility
• Arthritis or other degenerative joint conditions