Tailbone (Coccyx) Pain and Injury

Tailbone, or coccyx, pain and injury refer to discomfort or trauma affecting the small bony structure located at the bottom of the spine. The coccyx is made up of 3-5 fused vertebrae and serves as an attachment point for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

Causes of Tailbone Pain and Injury

Tailbone pain can result from various causes, including:

• Falls onto the tailbone, such as falling on ice or slipping on a wet surface
• Sports injuries, particularly those involving contact sports like football or hockey
• Childbirth, where the coccyx can become bruised or fractured during delivery
• Prolonged sitting, especially on hard surfaces
• Coccydynia, a condition characterized by chronic tailbone pain without a clear cause

Symptoms of Tailbone Pain and Injury

Common symptoms associated with tailbone pain and injury include:

• Pain or tenderness in the tailbone area, which can be sharp, dull, or achy
• Pain when sitting, especially on hard surfaces
• Pain during bowel movements or urination
• Swelling or bruising around the tailbone
• Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet

Treatments for Tailbone Pain and Injury

Treatment options for tailbone pain and injury depend on the severity of the condition and may include:

• Conservative management:
  • Rest and avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain
  • Applying ice or heat to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Taking over-the-counter pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
  • Using a donut-shaped cushion or wedge pillow to reduce pressure on the tailbone while sitting
• Physical therapy:
  • Stretching and strengthening exercises to improve flexibility and reduce pain
  • Manual therapy, such as massage or joint mobilization, to promote healing and relaxation
• Interventional procedures:
  • Coccygeal injections, where a local anesthetic or steroid is injected into the tailbone area to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Nerve blocks, which involve injecting a numbing agent around the nerves that transmit pain signals from the tailbone
• Surgery:
  • Coccygectomy, a surgical procedure to remove part or all of the coccyx, typically reserved for severe cases where other treatments have failed

Prevention and Self-Care

To prevent tailbone pain and injury, it is essential to:

• Maintain good posture and avoid slouching or leaning forward while sitting
• Use proper lifting techniques to avoid straining the back and tailbone
• Avoid falling by using handrails when walking up or down stairs and removing tripping hazards from the home
• Take regular breaks to stand up and stretch when working at a desk or sitting for extended periods

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following, seek medical attention:

• Sudden, severe pain in the tailbone area
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or feet
• Difficulty controlling bowel or bladder function
• Fever, chills, or redness and swelling around the tailbone