Swollen Knee - Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A swollen knee, also known as knee effusion or water on the knee, occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the knee joint, leading to swelling and inflammation. This condition can be caused by various factors, including injuries, infections, and underlying medical conditions.

Causes of Swollen Knee

• Trauma or injury: A blow to the knee, a sudden twist, or a fall can cause swelling and inflammation in the knee joint.
• Arthritis: Conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout can cause knee swelling and pain.
• Infection: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can infect the knee joint, leading to swelling and inflammation.
• Overuse or repetitive strain: Activities that involve repetitive knee movements, such as running or jumping, can cause swelling and pain in the knee joint.
• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders, kidney disease, and liver disease, can increase the risk of developing a swollen knee.

Symptoms of Swollen Knee

The symptoms of a swollen knee may include:

• Pain and stiffness in the knee joint
• Swelling and redness around the knee
• Warmth or tenderness to the touch
• Limited range of motion or difficulty walking
• Instability or feeling of the knee giving way

Treatment Options for Swollen Knee

Treatment for a swollen knee depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE): This self-care technique can help reduce pain and swelling.
• Pain relief medications: Over-the-counter or prescription medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help manage pain and inflammation.
• Physical therapy: A physical therapist can help improve range of motion, strength, and flexibility in the knee joint.
• Arthrocentesis: In some cases, a doctor may need to drain excess fluid from the knee joint using a needle and syringe.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged tissues in the knee joint.

Prevention and Management

To prevent or manage a swollen knee, it is essential to:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knee joint
• Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the muscles around the knee
• Use proper techniques when engaging in physical activities
• Avoid overexertion and take regular breaks to rest the knee
• Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time