Swollen Arms and Hands (Oedema)

Oedema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid within the tissues of the body, leading to swelling. When it affects the arms and hands, it can cause discomfort, pain, and limited mobility.

Causes of Oedema in Arms and Hands

• Cardiovascular diseases: Conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy can lead to oedema in the arms and hands due to poor circulation and fluid buildup.
• Kidney disease: Kidney problems, including nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure, can cause oedema by disrupting the balance of fluids in the body.
• Liver disease: Liver conditions like cirrhosis and liver failure can lead to oedema due to the accumulation of toxins and fluid retention.
• Thyroid disorders: Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) can cause oedema, particularly in the hands and feet.
• Injury or trauma: Injuries, such as sprains, strains, or fractures, can cause swelling in the affected area.
• Infection: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can lead to oedema, especially if they affect the skin or underlying tissues.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as steroids, hormone replacement therapy, and some blood pressure medications, can cause oedema as a side effect.
• Pregnancy: Fluid retention is common during pregnancy, which can lead to oedema in the hands, feet, and face.
• Malnutrition: Deficiencies in protein, vitamin B1 (thiamine), or other essential nutrients can contribute to oedema.

Symptoms of Oedema in Arms and Hands

• Swelling or puffiness in the arms and hands
• Pain or discomfort in the affected area
• Stiffness or limited mobility in the joints
• Redness or warmth to the touch
• Increased weight due to fluid retention

Diagnosis and Treatment of Oedema in Arms and Hands

To diagnose oedema, a healthcare professional will typically perform a physical examination, take a medical history, and may order diagnostic tests such as:

• Blood tests to check for underlying conditions like kidney or liver disease
• Imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI) to evaluate the affected area
• Urinalysis to assess kidney function and detect any abnormalities

Treatment for oedema in the arms and hands depends on the underlying cause. It may involve:

• Elevation: Raising the affected arm above heart level to reduce swelling
• Compression garments: Wearing compression sleeves or gloves to help reduce fluid accumulation
• Medications: Diuretics, pain relievers, or other medications to address underlying conditions or alleviate symptoms
• Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and managing stress to reduce fluid retention

Complications of Untreated Oedema in Arms and Hands

If left untreated, oedema can lead to complications such as:

• Chronic pain: Persistent discomfort or pain in the affected area
• Limited mobility: Reduced range of motion or stiffness in the joints
• Infection: Increased risk of infection due to compromised skin integrity
• Scarring: Permanent damage to the skin and underlying tissues