Surgery for Problems of the Small Toes

Surgery on the small toes, also known as lesser toes, is often necessary to correct various deformities and conditions that can cause pain, discomfort, and limited mobility. The small toes include the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes.

Common Conditions Treated with Surgery

• Hammertoes: A deformity where the toe is bent at the middle joint, causing the toe to resemble a hammer. This can be caused by muscle imbalance, poor footwear, or arthritis.
• Claw toes: A deformity where the toe is bent at both the middle and end joints, causing the toe to curl under like a claw.
• Bunionettes: A bony growth on the outside of the fifth toe, similar to a bunion on the big toe.
• Toe fractures: Breaks in one or more of the bones in the small toes.
• Neuromas: Benign growths of nerve tissue that can cause pain and numbness in the toes.
• Arthritis: Inflammation and degeneration of the joints in the small toes, which can cause pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.

Surgical Procedures

The type of surgery performed on the small toes depends on the specific condition being treated. Some common surgical procedures include:

• Release of contracted tendons and ligaments: To help straighten the toe and relieve tension.
• Removal of bone spurs or bunions: To reduce pressure and friction on the surrounding tissues.
• Fusion of joints: To stabilize and align the joints in the toe, reducing pain and stiffness.
• Resection of bones: To shorten or remove a portion of the bone to correct deformities or relieve pressure.
• Nerve decompression: To relieve pressure on nerves and reduce pain and numbness.

Surgical Techniques

Surgeons may use various techniques to perform surgery on the small toes, including:

• Open surgery: A traditional incision is made to access the affected area.
• Minimally invasive surgery: Small incisions are made, and specialized instruments are used to perform the procedure.
• Arthroscopy: A small camera and instruments are inserted through tiny incisions to visualize and treat the joint.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and potential complications associated with surgery on the small toes, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding or hematoma
• Nerve damage
• Wound healing problems
• Recurrence of the deformity

Recovery and Rehabilitation

After surgery, patients typically require several weeks to recover and rehabilitate. This may involve:

• Pain management: With medication and other therapies.
• Wound care: To promote healing and prevent infection.
• Immobilization: Using casts, splints, or boots to protect the toe and allow it to heal.
• Physical therapy: To regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion in the toe and surrounding tissues.

Outcomes and Expectations

The outcome of surgery on the small toes depends on various factors, including the specific condition being treated, the surgical technique used, and the patient's overall health. In general, patients can expect:

• Relief from pain and discomfort
• Improved mobility and function
• Enhanced appearance of the toe
• A return to normal activities and footwear