Stool Tests

Stool tests are medical procedures used to analyze a patient's feces for various purposes, including diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders, detection of infections, and monitoring of digestive health.

Purpose of Stool Tests

The primary purpose of stool tests is to identify abnormalities in the digestive system, such as:

• Infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites
• Gastrointestinal bleeding or inflammation
• Malabsorption of nutrients
• Celiac disease or other intestinal disorders
• Cancer or precancerous conditions in the colon or rectum

Types of Stool Tests

There are several types of stool tests, including:

• Stool culture: This test checks for the presence of bacteria, viruses, or parasites in the stool.
• Ova and parasite exam: This test looks for eggs, larvae, or actual parasites in the stool.
• Stool PCR (polymerase chain reaction): This test uses DNA analysis to detect specific bacteria, viruses, or parasites in the stool.
• Guaiac test: This test checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be a sign of gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): This test also checks for hidden blood in the stool and is often used as a screening tool for colon cancer.
• Stool enzyme tests: These tests measure the levels of certain enzymes, such as lactoferrin or lysozyme, which can be elevated in certain gastrointestinal conditions.

How Stool Tests are Performed

To perform a stool test, a patient typically provides a stool sample, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. The sample may be collected:

• In a doctor's office or clinic
• At home using a special collection kit
• During a hospital stay

Preparation and Aftercare

To prepare for a stool test, patients may need to:

• Avoid certain foods or medications that can interfere with the test results
• Follow a special diet or preparation instructions provided by their doctor
• Collect the stool sample at a specific time or in a specific way

After the test, patients may need to:

• Avoid strenuous activities or heavy lifting
• Follow their doctor's instructions for any follow-up care or additional testing

Risks and Limitations

Stool tests are generally safe and low-risk, but may have some limitations, including:

• False-negative results, which can occur if the test is not sensitive enough to detect a particular condition
• False-positive results, which can occur if the test is too sensitive or if there is contamination of the sample
• Inconclusive results, which may require additional testing or evaluation