Sterilization

Sterilization is a medical procedure that intentionally leaves a person unable to reproduce. It is a permanent form of birth control.

Types of Sterilization

• Tubal Ligation: A surgical procedure where the fallopian tubes are blocked or cut to prevent eggs from traveling to the uterus.
• Vasectomy: A surgical procedure where the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm, are cut or blocked to prevent sperm from reaching the semen.
• Essure: A non-surgical procedure where small coils are inserted into the fallopian tubes to block them and prevent eggs from traveling to the uterus. (Note: Essure is no longer available in the US market)
• Adiana: A non-surgical procedure where a small implant is inserted into the fallopian tubes to block them and prevent eggs from traveling to the uterus.

How Sterilization Works

Sterilization works by preventing the sperm or egg from meeting, thereby preventing fertilization. In women, sterilization blocks the fallopian tubes, preventing the egg from traveling to the uterus. In men, sterilization blocks the vas deferens, preventing sperm from reaching the semen.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and complications associated with sterilization, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding or hematoma
• Damage to surrounding organs or tissues
• Allergic reaction to anesthesia
• Failure of the procedure, resulting in unintended pregnancy

Reversal

Sterilization is considered a permanent form of birth control. However, reversal may be possible in some cases, depending on the type of sterilization and individual circumstances. Reversal procedures are typically more complex and less successful than the initial sterilization procedure.

Effectiveness

Sterilization is highly effective in preventing pregnancy. The effectiveness of sterilization varies depending on the type of procedure:

• Tubal ligation: 99% effective
• Vasectomy: 99% effective
• Essure: 99% effective (Note: Essure is no longer available in the US market)
• Adiana: 98% effective

Candidates for Sterilization

Sterilization is typically recommended for individuals who:

• Are certain they do not want to have any more children
• Have completed their family
• Have a medical condition that makes pregnancy risky
• Have a genetic disorder that they do not want to pass on to their offspring

Alternatives to Sterilization

There are several alternatives to sterilization, including:

• Hormonal birth control methods (e.g. pill, patch, ring)
• Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
• Barrier methods (e.g. condoms, diaphragm)
• Natural family planning methods