Stasis Dermatitis

Stasis dermatitis, also known as venous eczema or gravitational eczema, is a skin condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the skin due to poor circulation and fluid buildup.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Poor circulation: Weakened or damaged veins in the legs can lead to blood pooling, causing fluid to leak into the surrounding tissue.
• Fluid buildup: Excess fluid in the tissues can cause swelling, inflammation, and skin irritation.
• Chronic venous insufficiency: A condition where the veins have difficulty sending blood back to the heart, leading to increased pressure and fluid buildup.
• Age: Stasis dermatitis is more common in older adults due to decreased mobility and increased risk of circulatory problems.
• Obesity: Excess weight can put additional strain on the veins, increasing the risk of poor circulation and fluid buildup.

Symptoms

• Redness and inflammation: The affected skin may become red, swollen, and warm to the touch.
• Itching and burning: Stasis dermatitis can cause intense itching and burning sensations in the affected area.
• Crusting and scaling: As the condition progresses, the skin may develop crusts or scales, which can be yellowish or brownish in color.
• Ulcers: In severe cases, stasis dermatitis can lead to the formation of ulcers, which can be painful and difficult to heal.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of stasis dermatitis is typically based on a physical examination and medical history. A healthcare professional may perform the following tests:

• Doppler ultrasound: To evaluate blood flow in the affected area.
• Venous reflux study: To assess the function of the veins and identify any areas of poor circulation.

Treatment

Treatment for stasis dermatitis typically involves a combination of self-care measures, medications, and lifestyle changes. These may include:

• Elevation: Elevating the affected leg above the level of the heart to reduce swelling.
• Compression therapy: Wearing compression stockings or bandages to improve circulation and reduce fluid buildup.
• Topical corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation and itching.
• Moisturizers: To keep the skin hydrated and reduce dryness.
• Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting.

Complications

If left untreated, stasis dermatitis can lead to complications such as:

• Chronic ulcers: Which can be difficult to heal and may require ongoing treatment.
• Infection: Bacterial or fungal infections can develop in the affected area, particularly if ulcers are present.
• Scarring: Repeated episodes of stasis dermatitis can lead to scarring and permanent skin damage.