SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

SSRIs are a type of medication commonly used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental health conditions. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which helps to improve mood, reduce anxiety, and enhance sleep quality.

How SSRIs Work

SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron after it has been released into the synaptic cleft. This increases the amount of serotonin available for binding to postsynaptic receptors, which can help to improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Types of SSRIs

• Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Sertraline (Zoloft)
• Paroxetine (Paxil)
• Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
• Citalopram (Celexa)
• Escitalopram (Lexapro)

Uses of SSRIs

SSRIs are used to treat a variety of mental health conditions, including:

• Major depressive disorder
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Social anxiety disorder
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa

Side Effects of SSRIs

Common side effects of SSRIs include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Insomnia or sleep disturbances
• Sexual dysfunction, such as decreased libido or erectile dysfunction
• Weight gain or loss

Contraindications and Warnings

SSRIs are not suitable for everyone and should be used with caution in certain individuals, including:

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Children and adolescents, due to the risk of increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors
• Individuals with a history of bipolar disorder, as SSRIs can trigger manic episodes
• Individuals taking certain medications, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), due to the risk of serotonin syndrome

Dosage and Administration

The dosage and administration of SSRIs vary depending on the specific medication and individual being treated. Typically, treatment is started with a low dose, which is gradually increased as needed and tolerated.