Spinal Anaesthetic

A spinal anaesthetic is a type of regional anaesthesia that numbs the lower part of the body, typically from the waist down. It is commonly used for surgical procedures such as cesarean sections, hysterectomies, and orthopedic surgeries on the legs.

How it Works

A spinal anaesthetic works by injecting a local anaesthetic medication into the spinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord. This medication blocks the nerve signals that transmit pain and sensation from the lower part of the body to the brain, resulting in numbness and loss of sensation.

Procedure

The procedure for administering a spinal anaesthetic typically involves the following steps:

• The patient is positioned on their side or sitting up with their back arched.
• The skin is cleaned and disinfected, and a local anaesthetic is injected to numb the area where the needle will be inserted.
• A small needle is inserted into the spinal canal, and the anaesthetic medication is injected into the spinal fluid.
• The patient may feel a slight stinging or burning sensation as the medication is injected.

Types of Spinal Anaesthetics

There are several types of spinal anaesthetics, including:

• Low-dose spinal anaesthetic: This type of anaesthetic uses a smaller dose of medication and is often used for shorter procedures.
• High-dose spinal anaesthetic: This type of anaesthetic uses a larger dose of medication and is often used for longer or more complex procedures.
• Combined spinal-epidural anaesthetic: This type of anaesthetic combines a spinal anaesthetic with an epidural anaesthetic, which allows for more flexibility in terms of pain management.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are risks and complications associated with spinal anaesthetics. These may include:

• Headache: A headache can occur if the needle punctures the membrane that surrounds the spinal cord.
• Nerve damage: There is a small risk of nerve damage, which can result in numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs.
• Infection: As with any invasive medical procedure, there is a risk of infection with spinal anaesthetics.
• Low blood pressure: The medication used in spinal anaesthetics can cause a drop in blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness.

Benefits

Spinal anaesthetics have several benefits, including:

• Pain relief: Spinal anaesthetics provide effective pain relief during and after surgery.
• Reduced risk of complications: Spinal anaesthetics can reduce the risk of complications associated with general anaesthesia, such as respiratory problems or cardiac issues.
• Faster recovery: Patients who receive spinal anaesthetics often recover more quickly than those who receive general anaesthesia.

Contraindications

Spinal anaesthetics may not be suitable for everyone, particularly those with certain medical conditions, such as:

• Bleeding disorders: Patients with bleeding disorders, such as haemophilia, may be at increased risk of bleeding complications.
• Infection: Patients with active infections, such as meningitis or sepsis, may not be suitable for spinal anaesthetics.
• Anatomical abnormalities: Patients with anatomical abnormalities, such as scoliosis or spina bifida, may require special consideration before undergoing a spinal anaesthetic.