Somatic Symptom Disorder

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is a mental health condition characterized by one or more chronic physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition, substance use, or other mental health condition. These symptoms cause significant distress and result in substantial disruption of daily life.

Diagnostic Criteria

The diagnostic criteria for somatic symptom disorder, as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), include:

• One or more chronic physical symptoms that are distressing and result in significant disruption of daily life.
• Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns.
• At least one of the following:
• Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one's symptoms.
• Persistently high level of anxiety about health or symptoms.
• Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns.

Symptoms

The physical symptoms associated with somatic symptom disorder can vary widely and may include:

• Pain
• Fatigue
• Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain or bowel changes
• Neurological symptoms, such as numbness, tingling, or tremors
• Cardiovascular symptoms, such as palpitations or chest pain

Treatment

Treatment for somatic symptom disorder typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to help individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with their symptoms. Medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, may be prescribed to help manage symptoms of anxiety or depression that often co-occur with SSD.

Prognosis

The prognosis for somatic symptom disorder varies depending on the individual and the severity of their symptoms. With appropriate treatment, many people are able to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. However, some individuals may experience persistent or recurring symptoms, and ongoing treatment may be necessary to maintain improvement.